Code 43 is Device Manager's way of saying the device itself reported a failure and Windows shut it down. It appears on USB sticks, phones, webcams and - notoriously - graphics cards. The good news: in most cases the device is fine, and the problem sits in the driver or in power delivery. Here is the fix order that resolves it most often.
Quick answer
Shut the computer down completely (not restart), unplug the power cord - on a laptop also disconnect the charger - wait 30 seconds, then boot again. This full power cycle clears Code 43 surprisingly often. If the error returns, reinstall the device's driver: Device Manager, right-click the device, Uninstall device, restart.
The device driver hit an internal error and told Windows to stop the device. A reinstall or update of the driver clears it.
USB ports and GPUs are sensitive to power. A brownout, an overloaded hub or a sleep/wake cycle can leave the device in a failed state until fully power-cycled.
Code 43 that starts right after a Windows update or driver change points at the new driver - rolling back usually fixes it.
Less common, but real: if the device shows Code 43 on every computer and cable, the fault is in the device itself.
Restart is not enough: fast startup keeps devices half-initialized. Only a full shutdown with power removed resets them.
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GPUs are the most famous Code 43 case. The fix order is the same - full power cycle, then a clean reinstall of the graphics driver. If the card shows Code 43 in every PC, it is a hardware fault.
Recurring Code 43 points at a driver-hardware mismatch or flaky power. Update the device driver and the chipset drivers, avoid hubs, and watch whether it correlates with sleep/wake - if yes, disable USB selective suspend in the power plan.